Halogenated isoviolanthrene and process of making same



Patented Feb. 3, 1925.

ROBERT G. CASWELL AND ELLSWORTH G. MARSHALL, OF WILMINGTON, DELAWARE,

ASSIGNOBS TO 11 I. DU PONT DE NEMOURS & COMPANY, OF WILMINGTON, DELA- WAIRE, A CORPORATION OF DELAWARE.

HALOGEHAT'ED ISOVIOLANTHRENE 13o Drawing.

To all whom it my concern:

Be it known that we, Ruhrllt'l G. (hswmm and ELLSWORTH G. MAnsirALL, citizens of the United States, and residents of Wil- 6 mington, in the county of New (,astle and State of Delaware, have invented a certain new and useful Halogenated lsoviolanthrone and Process of Making Home, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to halogenated isoviolanthrenes, and comprises, as a new process, the chlorination of lSOVlOlflfill'llBflO. while in suspension in chlorobenzone, and, as a" new com osition of matter, the product immediate y resulting from this chlorination.

According to the previously known process isoviolanthrene was chlorinated while suspended in nit-robenzene. This old procedure is not satisfactory for several reasons, among which there may be mentioned the low yield (50%) of halogenated violanthrene and the poisonous character of the nitro-L :nzene.

We have now discovered that the chlorination may be greatly improved, and a remarkable increase in yield obtained, by suspending the isoviolanthrene in a chlorobenzene. By a chlorobcnzene we have reference principally to mono-chlorobenzone, but include also the several isomeric dichlorobenzenes, and any mixtures oithese various chlorol'icnzenes, all of which may be referred to generically as chlorobenzenes whose molecules have less than three atoms of chlorine.

Our process possesses three distinct advantages over the "nitrobcnzene process, namely (1) the elimination of the use of nitrobenzene, which is undesirable because of its marked toxic properties; (2) rapidity i filtration and jUlllPlQtiflwHS of washing of the resulting dye on the filter, which conditions, we believe, are not attainable in the nitrobcnzene process; and (3) a yield of 7017;, of the theory as against a Vll(l uf 50% by the nitrobenzene process.

An important dillerence between our process and the old process exints in the W amount of halogen which must be intro- Application filed November 6, 1920.

AND rnocsss or MAKING SAME.

Serial No. 422,243.

duced into the isoviolanthrene in order that the dye which is to be ultimately formed will have the desired red shade. The chlorinated isoviolanthrene made according to the old process (that-is, using nitrobenzene as the suspension medium) is, according to the published descri tion of the process, a dichlor derivative, t e theorctical chlorine content of which is calculated as 13.52%. To secure a dye having the desired reddish shade by our process using mono-chlorobenzcne, the chlorination must apparently be continued until the chlorine content is substantially above 14%, and usually between 19 and 21%.

The following specific example will serve to illustrate our invention in greater detail Fifty parts by weight of finely ground isoviolanthrene are sus ended in six hundred (600) parts of monoc lorobenzene with agitation. Into this suspension, heated to 0., a streamof gaseous chlorine is passed until a'test. portion of the resulting chlorinated isoviolanthrene gives on analysis 19.5-20.5,5 chlorine. The dye is then filtered, washed on the. filter with benzene, and dried at or below 70 C. The yield is forty (40) parts of chlorinated isoviolanthrene.

Various changes may, of course, be made in the various conditions of operation set forth in the above example. Thus the ratio of the quantity of isoviolanthrene to the quantity of chlorobenzene may be varied considerably. The temperature is such as may be obtained with a water bath, that is, from about 30 to 100 C., and preferably between'fiti and C. For certain purposes the chlorine supply may be stopped before the chlorine content of the resulting, chloro-dorivatire rcaches 19%.

\Vhen the suspension medium used is dichlorobenzene or a mixture of monochlorohenzenc and nitrohcnzene the amount of chlorine required to give the desired red dish shade is less than 19% but in these cases the yield is also reduce An idea of the different amounts of chlorine required with dilferent suspension mediums to give Modlnmused 28;, content isoviolanthrone Per cent Of powder Monomer-benzene 69. s L 19. 5-21 0 gg lxtureol Ofl-bo and meta-dichlor-benzene.

69 0 l7. 5-15 5 inure at (our moup-chlor-benzeue and one robenune 69c l6.0l7 u (4) Mixture one t mono-chlornzene lndonepart trooonzene 01.0 lll.0l4.0

The product obtained by the specific example given above is ordinaril converted into the marketable form of a t ye paste by treatment with sulphuric acid. The new dye dves cotton substantively giving hlue shades which on exposure to air turn reddish violet of great fastness to light, soap, and hypochlorite bleaching: solution. The dye is insoluble in hydrochloric acid and in caustic soda solution, but it is soluble in concentrated sulphuric acid, forming a blue solution, and its hydrosulphite vat is also blue. The new dye may he recrystallized from boilin nitrobenzene.

Altliough we prefer to use monoor dichlorobenzenes undiluted by other liquids, it will be understood that our invention covers suspension mediums composed either of chlorohenzcncs alone or chlorobenzenes mixed with other liquids, such as nitrobenzene, which undergo but little if any chemical alteration during the chlorination of the isoviolanthrene.

We claim 1. The pIOt'cSS of producing a halogen derivative of isoviolanthrene which coinprises halogenating isoviolantlirenc while in suspension in a chlorobenzcne havin less than three chlorine atoms.

2. The process of producing a chlorine dcrivative of isoviolnnthronc which comprises suspending isoviolunthrene in a chlorohenzcnc having less than three chlorine atoms and treating the resulting suspension with a chlorinatin; agent.

3. The process of producing a chlorin derivative of isoviolnnthrcnc which comprises assing gaseous chlorine into a suspension of isoviolanthieno in a chlorolicnzene having lcss' than thrcc chlorine atoms. v

4. The Pl'tu'fifis of producing a chlorine dcrivative of isoviolunthrcnc which cunlPIiHeS ausing Lfthtjlillfi rhlorinc inlo (l suspcnsion 01' isoi-iolanthrcnc in inoini-chlorohcimcnc.

."i 'lhc pt'tit'txx' of chlorihating isoviolnnlhrcnc which comprises trcuting isoviolztnthrcnc uith chlorine in the presence of a 'iquid omposed prin ilmlly of :1 ciilorolicnacne having less than three chlorine 11mins until the chlorine ontent of the resulting isoviolanthrcne derivative is greater than 14%.

6. The process of chlorinating isoviolanthrone which comprises treating isoviolanthrone with chlorine in the {presence of a liquid composed principally o mono-chlorobenzene until the chlorine content of the re- TO suiting isoriolanthrene tleritutive is greater than 14%.

7. The process of chlorinating isoviolanthrene which comprises suspending isoviolanthrenc in mono-thlorobonz nc. and trcuting the resulting suspension with gaseous chlorine until tin: chlorine content of the isoviolanthrenc dei ivatire formed is between 19 and 21%.

8. The process of producing a halogen deso rirative of isoriolanthrcne which comprises halogenating isoviolanthrene at a temperature between 30 and 100 C. while in suspcnsion in a chlorobcnzcno having less than three chlorino atoms.

1). The process of producin a halogen derivativc of isoviolanthrene vfinch comprises halogenating isoriolanthrene at a temperature between 50 and 00 C. while in suspension in a clilorobenzenc having less than three chlorine atoms.

10. The process of producing a chlorine derivative of isoviolanthrene which comprises passing gaseous chlorine into a suspension of isoviolanthrene in a chlorobenzene having less than three chlorine atoms while maintaining the temperature between Ill) and C.

11. The process of producing a chlorine derivative of isoviolanthrene which com- 100 prises passin gaseous chlorine into a suspension oi isoviolanthrene in monochlorobenzone while maintain' the temperature between 30 and 100 12. The process of chlorinating isoviolan- 106 throne which comprises treating isoviolanthrene at a temperature between 30 and 100 C. with'chlorine in the presence of a liquid composed rincipally of mono-chloroben- Zene until tlie chlorine content of the result- 110 ing isoviolanthrene derivative is greater than 14%.

13. The Pl'OCQSS Of chlorinating isoviolanthrene which comprises treating isoviolanthrone at a temperature between 30 and 100 (7. with chlorine in the presence of a liquid ('OIHPOSBtl principally of niono-chlorobenzene unlil the chlorine content of the resuliin isoriolunthreno derivative is between 19 an 14. 'l he process of producing u chlorine derivative of isoviolantln'eno which com- ];llSiri passing gaseous chlorine into a suspcusion of isoviolanthrene in a chloroht-nzt-nc having less than three chlorine :itonis nniinluined at a temp rature between an and 30" (3.

it. The rocess of chlorinating isoviolanthrene which comprises trcating isoviolanthrone at a temperature between 50 and 60 C. with chlorine in the presence of a liquid composed principally of a chlorobenzene having less than three chlorine atoms until the chlorine content of the resulting isoviolanthrene derivative is greater than 14%.

16. The rocess of chlorinating isoviolanthrene which comprises treating isoviolanthrone at a. temperature between 50 and 60 C. with chlorine in the presence of a liquid com osed principally of mono-chlorobenzene unti the chlorine content of the resulting isoviolanthrene derivative is greater than 14%.

17. The rocess of chlorinating isoviolanthnene which comprises treating isoviolanthrene at a temperature between 50 and 60 C. with chlorine in the presence of a liquid com posed principa lly of mon o-chlorobenzene until the chlorine content of the resulting isoviolanthrene derivative is between 19 and 21%.

18. The process which comprises suspending 1 part of isoviolanthrene in about 12 parts of mono chlorohenzene. passing gaseous chlorine into the resulting suspen- Qion, while maintaining the temperature thereof at about 55 C.. until the chlorine content of 'the isoviolanthrene derivative formed is between 19.5 and N570. filtering chlorinated isoviolanthrene containing be tween 19 and 21% of chlorine.

21. As-a new composition of matter. a chlorinated isoviolanthrene obtainable by treating with gaseous chlorine a chlorobenzene suspension of isos'iolanthrene until the chlorine content of the resulting isoviolanthrene derivative becomes more than 16%, said hlorinated isoviolanthrene. when purified and treated with dilute sulphuric acid to form a paste. constituting a valuable dye insoluble in hydrochloric arid and in caustic soda. but dissolving in concentrated sub phuric acid with a blue roloration. and formin;' with hydrosul il'iih: a blue vat substantively dyeing: cotton blue shades which on exposure to air turn a reddish violet of great fastncss to light. washing. and bleaching.

In testimony whereof we ailix our signatures.

ROBERT G. CASWELL. ELLSWORTH G. MARSHALL. 

